Miriam E. Benjamin (September 16, 1861 – 1947) was an American school teacher and inventor from Washington, D.C. On July 17,1888 she obtained a patent for her invention, the Gong and Signal Chair for Hotels.
The chair would "reduce the expenses of hotels by decreasing the number of waiters and attendants, to add to the convenience and comfort of guests and to obviate the necessity of hand clapping or calling aloud to obtain the services of pages." The chair worked when the person sitting would press a small button on the back of the chair which would then send a signal to a waiting attendant. A light would illuminate as well, allowing the attendant to see which guest needed help. The system was eventually adopted by the United States House of Representatives and was a precursor to the signaling system used on airplanes for passengers to seek assistance from flight attendants.
Miriam Elizabeth Benjamin was born, a free black woman, in Charleston, South Carolina in 1861, the eldest of five children of Francis Benjamin and Eliza (Hopkins) Benjamin. In 1873, the Benjamin family moved to Boston, Massachusetts, where she attended high school. She moved to Washington, D.C. where she was a schoolteacher in the segregated municipal school system. In 1888, she was living at 1736 New York Avenue, N.W. in Washington.
Miriam Benjamin briefly attended Howard University's medical school, but after passing a competitive civil service examination and working as a government clerk in a number of federal departments, she enrolled in the law school of Howard University; upon graduation, she set herself up in business as a "solicitor of patents."
Music historians believe she, under the gender-neutral pseudonym E.B. Miriam, also composed marches. One of these was used by the presidential campaign of Theodore Roosevelt in 1904.
In 1920, she returned to Boston, where she lived and worked with her brother, Boston attorney Edgar P. Benjamin. Along with Sarah Boone, Ellen Eglin, and Sarah Goode, Benjamin was one of four African American women inventors of her time who developed new technology for the home.
